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Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
Bolts & Nuts
  • Key Component Terms (Bolts):
  • Bolt Body: The main cylindrical shaft with external threads
  • Head: The non-threaded top portion used for tightening
  • Shank: The smooth section of the bolt between the head and threads
  • Thread Pitch: The distance between adjacent threads.
  • Grade Mark: Indicator of tensile strength
  • Key Component Terms (Nuts):
  • Nut Body: The main housing with internal threads matching the bolt's pitch
  • Wrench Face: The flat surface where a wrench grips to tighten or loosen
  • Flange: An optional integrated washer-like surface for improved load distribution
  • Locking Feature: Special design to prevent loosening.

Product Description of Bolts and Nuts


Bolts and nuts are fundamental mechanical fasteners that create secure connections through threaded engagement. A bolt is an externally threaded fastener designed to be used with a nut, while a nut is an internally threaded component that mates with the bolt to clamp multiple parts together. Together, they are widely referred to as "the rice of industry" due to their ubiquitous use across almost all manufacturing and construction sectors.


Bolt Classification by Head Style & Function:

Name

Typical Applications

Hexagon Head Bolt

General mechanical assembly, construction, automotive

Hexagon Socket Head Cap Screw

Machinery, precision equipment, aerospace

Carriage Bolt

Wood-to-metal connections, decking, fencing

Foundation Bolt

Securing machinery to concrete bases

T-head Bolt

Machine tool fixtures, guide rail systems

Eye Bolt

Lifting heavy equipment, overhead suspension

U-bolt

Pipe clamping, automotive exhaust systems

Stud Bolt

High-pressure pipe connections, engine assemblies

Set Screw

Shaft locking, gear positioning, bearing retention


Nut Classification by Style & Function:

Name

Key Features

Hexagon Nut

Standard all-purpose nut for general applications

Heavy Hex Nut

Used in high-load structural connections

Nylon Insert Lock Nut

Prevents loosening under vibration (automotive, machinery)

Hex Jam Nut

Used in tight spaces or to lock other nuts in place

Wing Nut

Hand-adjustable without tools, ideal for frequent access

Round Nut

Axial locking for shafts, often with a locking washer

Hexagon Flange Nut

Integrated flange replaces separate washer, improves stability


Standard of Bolts and Nuts

US Bolts

Head Marking

Grade and
Material

Nominal Size Range
(inches)

Mechanical Properties

Proof Load
(psi)

Min. Yield Strength
(psi)

Min. Tensile Strength
(psi)

No Markings

Grade 2

Low or medium carbon steel

1/4″ thru 3/4″

55,000

57,000

74,000

Over 3/4″ thru 1-1/2″

33,000

36,000

60,000

3 Radial Lines

Grade 5

Medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered

1/4″ thru 1″

85,000

92,000

120,000

Over 1″ thru 1-1/2″

74,000

81,000

105,000

6 Radial Lines

Grade 8

Medium carbon alloy steel, quenched and tempered

1/4″ thru 1-1/2″

120,000

130,000

150,000


Grade A325

Carbon or Alloy Steel with or without Boron

1/2″ thru 1-1/2″

85,000

92,000

120,000

Stainless markings vary. Most stainless is non-magnetic

18-8 Stainless

Steel alloy with 17-19% Chromium and 8-13% Nickel

All Sizes thru 1″


20,000 Min. 65,000 Typical

65,000 Min. 100,000 – 150,000 Typical

Metric Bolts

Head Marking

Class and
Material

Nominal Size Range
(mm)

Mechanical Properties

Proof Load
(MPa)

Min. Yield Strength
(MPa)

Min. Tensile Strength
(MPa)


Class 8.8

Medium carbon steel, quenched and tempered

All Sizes below 16mm

580

640

800

16mm – 72mm

600

660

830


Class 10.9

Alloy steel, quenched and tempered

5mm – 100mm

830

940

1040


Class 12.9

Alloy steel, quenched and tempered

1.6mm – 100mm

970

1100

1220

Stainless markings vary. Most stainless is non-magnetic.
Usually stamped A-2.

A-2 Stainless

Steel alloy with 17- 19% chromium and 8-13% nickel

All Sizes thru 20mm


210 Min.
450 Typical

500 Min.
700 Typical

Tensile Strength: The maximum load in tension (pulling apart) which a material can withstand before breaking or fracturing.

Yield Strength: The maximum load at which a material exhibits a specific permanent deformation

Proof Load: An axial tensile load which the product must withstand without evidence of any permanent set.

1MPa = 1N/mm2 = 145 pounds/inch2


Specification of Bolts and Nuts

Standard

Size

Width Across Flats

Length

DIN6334

M4

7mm

12mm


M5

8mm

15mm, 20mm


M6

8mm, 9mm, 10mm

10mm, 15mm, 18mm, 20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 40mm


M7

9mm, 11mm

15mm, 21mm, 25mm


M8

11mm, 12mm, 13mm, 14mm

20mm, 24mm, 25mm, 28mm, 29mm, 30mm, 32mm, 40mm, 50mm


M9

11mm

19mm


M10

13mm, 14mm, 17mm, 19mm

20mm, 21mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 40mm, 45mm, 50mm


M11

14mm

24.5mm


M12

17mm, 19mm, 22mm

20mm, 25mm, 30mm, 35mm, 36mm, 40mm, 45mm, 48mm, 50mm, 70mm


M13

17mm

29mm


M14

19mm, 21mm, 22mm

24mm, 25mm, 30mm, 38mm, 40mm, 42mm, 56mm


M15

19mm

32mm


M16

22mm, 24mm

30mm, 40mm, 48mm, 50mm, 60mm, 70mm


M18

27mm

54mm


M20

30mm

38mm, 50mm, 60mm, 80mm


M22

32mm

66mm


M24

36mm

50mm, 72mm, 80mm, 96mm


M27

41mm

81mm


M30

46mm

60mm, 90mm, 120mm

ANSI B18.2.2

1/4″

3/8″, 7/16″

13/32″, 3/4″, 7/8″, 1″


5/16″

3/8″, 7/16″, 15/32″, 1/2″

13/32″, 7/8″, 1″, 1-3/16″, 1-9/16″, 1-3/4″


3/8″

1/2″, 9/16″, 5/8″

1″, 1-1/8″, 1-3/16″, 1-9/16″, 1-3/4″, 2″


7/16″

5/8″, 11/16″

1-3/4″


1/2″

5/8″, 3/4″, 11/16″, 3/4″

19/32″, 1-1/4″, 1-1/2″, 1-9/16″, 1-3/4″, 2″


5/8″

1/2″, 3/4″, 13/16″, 15/16″

1″, 1-3/16″, 1-1/2″, 1-29/32″, 2″, 2-1/8″


3/4″

15/16″, 1″, 1-3/32″

1-1/4″, 2″, 2-1/4″, 2-1/2″, 2-9/16″


7/8″

1-1/8″, 1-1/4″, 1-5/16″

1″, 1-3/32″, 1-1/8″, 2-1/4″, 2-1/2″


1″

1-1/4″

2-1/2″


1-1/8″

1-5/8″, 1-11/16″

1-1/2″, 3″


1-1/4″

1-5/8″

3″


1-1/2″

2″

4″


Application of Bolts and Nuts

  • Automotive.

  • Construction.

  • Aerospace.

  • Marine.

  • Electronic.


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